:root {
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --ink: #111418;
  --muted: #6f7680;
  --line: #e8eaed;
  --grid: #f0f1f3;
  --accent: #2545d3;
  --chart-soft: #b9c2f0;
  --up: #b3302e;
  --down: #137a4a;
  --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, Georgia, serif;
  --sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html {
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--ink);
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
a {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  text-decoration-color: #c9ced6;
  transition: color 150ms ease, text-decoration-color 150ms ease, text-decoration-thickness 150ms ease;
}
a:hover,
a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
}
::selection { background: #e4e9ff; }
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.header-inner,
.footer-inner,
.page-shell {
  width: min(1060px, calc(100vw - 40px));
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.header-inner {
  min-height: 54px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 28px;
}
.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 9px;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.brand:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.brand-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.live-dot {
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  flex: 0 0 6px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  animation: pulse 2.8s ease-in-out infinite;
}
@keyframes pulse {
  0%, 100% { opacity: 0.42; transform: scale(0.92); }
  45% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1.12); }
}
.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 17px;
  align-items: center;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.site-nav a {
  color: var(--muted);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a:focus-visible {
  text-decoration: none;
}
.site-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--ink);
}
.ticker-strip { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--bg); }
.ticker-inner { width: min(1060px, calc(100vw - 40px)); min-height: 32px; margin: 0 auto; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; line-height: 1; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.ticker-dot { width: 6px; height: 6px; flex: 0 0 6px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--accent); }
.ticker-window { overflow: hidden; min-width: 0; }
.ticker-track { display: flex; width: max-content; animation: ticker 60s linear infinite; }
.ticker-window:hover .ticker-track { animation-play-state: paused; }
.ticker-sequence { flex: 0 0 auto; padding-right: 34px; white-space: nowrap; }
@keyframes ticker { from { transform: translateX(0); } to { transform: translateX(-50%); } }
.reading-progress {
  position: fixed;
  top: 54px;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 30;
  width: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--accent);
}
.page-shell {
  padding: 0 0 76px;
}
.index-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 820px);
  gap: 60px;
  align-items: start;
}
.left-rail {
  position: sticky;
  top: 86px;
  padding-top: 94px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.left-rail nav {
  display: grid;
  gap: 8px;
}
.left-rail a {
  color: var(--muted);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.left-rail a[aria-current="true"] {
  color: var(--ink);
}
.hero {
  padding: 90px 0 58px;
}
.hero-compact {
  padding: 48px 0 40px;
}
h1,
h2,
h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
}
h1 {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 34px);
  line-height: 1.18;
}
h2 {
  margin: 0 0 13px;
  font-size: 24px;
  line-height: 1.24;
}
h3 {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
p {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
}
.subhead {
  max-width: 52ch;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}
.text-cta {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: 14px;
}
.section {
  padding: 44px 0 48px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.pulse-section {
  padding-top: 24px;
}
.section-intro {
  color: var(--muted);
  max-width: 78ch;
}
.section-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
}
.section-head .meta {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.table-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
th,
td {
  padding: 13px 10px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  vertical-align: middle;
  text-align: left;
}
th {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 400;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.rank-table th:first-child,
.rank-table td:first-child {
  width: 56px;
  padding-left: 0;
}
.rank {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 18px;
}
.numeric {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.rank-table tbody tr:hover {
  background: #fafbfc;
}
.sparkline {
  width: 64px;
  height: 18px;
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.sparkline polyline {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--muted);
  stroke-width: 1.25;
}
.rank-table tbody tr:hover .sparkline polyline {
  stroke: var(--accent);
}
.change {
  font-size: 11px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.change.down {
  color: var(--down);
}
.change.up {
  color: var(--up);
}
.dash {
  color: var(--muted);
}
.footnote,
.caption,
.date,
.byline,
.note {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}
.footnote {
  margin-top: 14px;
}
.price-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 30px;
}
.stat-band { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.stat-cell { min-height: 98px; padding: 18px 18px 15px; }
.stat-cell + .stat-cell { border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
.stat-big { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 32px; line-height: 1.1; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.stat-title { margin-top: 8px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.25; letter-spacing: 0.06em; }
.stat-delta { margin-top: 5px; font-size: 11px; }
.hero-chart { margin-top: 26px; }
.hero-chart h3 { margin-bottom: 2px; }
.hero-chart figcaption { margin-top: 10px; }
.price-cell { display: inline-flex; justify-content: flex-end; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.region-bar { width: var(--bar); max-width: 120px; height: 2px; background: var(--accent); }
.inline-stats { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 20px 28px; margin: 14px 0 18px; }
.inline-stat-number { display: block; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.15; }
.inline-stat-label { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; }
.chart-figure {
  margin: 0 0 42px;
}
.chart-figure:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.chart-svg {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  margin-top: 16px;
}
.axis,
.legend-text,
.bar-label,
.bar-value {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 11px;
  fill: var(--muted);
}
.bar-value {
  fill: var(--ink);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.gridline {
  stroke: var(--grid);
  stroke-width: 1;
}
.axis-line {
  stroke: var(--line);
  stroke-width: 1;
}
.teaser-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.teaser,
.research-entry,
.stat-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.teaser h3,
.research-entry h2 {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.teaser p,
.research-entry p {
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.teaser .date,
.research-entry .date {
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding-top: 3px;
}
.boxed {
  margin-top: 30px;
  padding: 22px 24px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--bg);
}
.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 28px 0 34px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}
.site-footer p {
  margin: 0 0 5px;
}
.article-shell {
  width: min(640px, calc(100vw - 40px));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 76px 0 82px;
}
.article-meta {
  display: flex;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin: 0 0 26px;
}
.standfirst {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.75;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.article-body {
  margin-top: 34px;
}
.article-body h2 {
  margin-top: 34px;
  font-size: 21px;
}
.article-body p {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.78;
}
.article-back {
  margin-top: 38px;
  font-size: 13px;
}
.research-page,
.simple-page {
  width: min(820px, calc(100vw - 40px));
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 76px 0 82px;
}
.research-list {
  margin-top: 36px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.excerpt {
  margin-top: 10px;
}
.quiet-note {
  margin-top: 24px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}
.method-section {
  padding: 26px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.method-section:first-of-type {
  margin-top: 34px;
}
.stats {
  margin: 34px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.stat-number {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 22px;
}
.stat-label {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  text-align: right;
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .index-layout {
    display: block;
  }
  .left-rail {
    display: none;
  }
  .stat-band {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
  .stat-cell:nth-child(3) {
    border-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .stat-cell:nth-child(4) {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .header-inner {
    min-height: auto;
    padding: 14px 0;
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 11px;
  }
  .site-nav {
    gap: 12px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .reading-progress {
    top: 91px;
  }
  .hero {
    padding-top: 58px;
  }
  .hero-compact {
    padding: 42px 0 34px;
  }
  .ticker-inner {
    width: min(100vw - 28px, 1060px);
  }
  .section {
    padding: 36px 0 40px;
  }
  th,
  td {
    padding: 11px 9px;
  }
  .teaser,
  .research-entry,
  .stat-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 4px;
  }
  .stat-label {
    text-align: left;
  }
  .stat-band {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .stat-cell,
  .stat-cell:nth-child(3),
  .stat-cell:nth-child(4) {
    border-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .stat-cell:first-child {
    border-top: 0;
  }
  .price-cell {
    min-width: 190px;
  }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
  .live-dot,
  .ticker-track {
    animation: none;
  }
}

/* ---- tracker, capacity, brand mark (v2) ---- */
.brand-mark { width: 19px; height: 19px; display: block; flex: none; }
.pill-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}
.pill-row .pill-tag {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-right: 4px;
  min-width: 44px;
}
.pill {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 12.5px;
  line-height: 1;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--muted);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 120ms ease, border-color 120ms ease, background 120ms ease;
}
.pill:hover { color: var(--ink); border-color: #c9ced6; }
.pill[aria-pressed="true"] {
  background: var(--ink);
  border-color: var(--ink);
  color: #fff;
}
.tracker-summary {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  margin-top: 18px;
}
.tracker-summary > div { padding: 14px 16px 12px 0; }
.tracker-summary > div + div { border-left: 1px solid var(--line); padding-left: 16px; }
.sum-num {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 26px;
  line-height: 1.1;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.sum-label {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 5px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}
#tracker-table { margin-top: 14px; }
#tracker-table table { width: 100%; }
.tracker-empty { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 14px; }
.tm-name { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 12px; fill: var(--ink); }
.tm-val { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 11px; fill: var(--muted); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.tm-tile rect { transition: fill-opacity 120ms ease; }
.tm-tile:hover rect { fill-opacity: 0.34; }
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .tracker-summary { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .tracker-summary > div + div { border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .pill-row .pill-tag { min-width: 100%; }
}
.related-notes {
  margin-top: 46px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-top: 24px;
}
.related-notes h2 { font-size: 16px; margin: 0 0 4px; }
.related-notes ul { list-style: none; margin: 8px 0 14px; padding: 0; }
.related-notes li { margin: 7px 0; font-size: 14px; }
.related-notes p { font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); }

/* ---- privacy consent and provider rate submission ---- */
.footer-links {
  margin-top: 10px !important;
  font-size: 12px;
}
.footer-links a {
  color: var(--muted);
  text-decoration-color: #c9ced6;
}
.consent-banner {
  position: fixed;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 40;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.consent-banner-inner {
  width: min(1060px, calc(100vw - 40px));
  min-height: 58px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 12px 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
}
.consent-banner p {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 76ch;
}
.consent-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
}
.consent-button,
.copy-button {
  appearance: none;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.35;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: #c9ced6;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.consent-button:hover,
.consent-button:focus-visible,
.copy-button:hover,
.copy-button:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
}
.rate-form {
  max-width: 640px;
  margin-top: 34px;
}
.form-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 24px 28px;
}
.form-field {
  display: grid;
  gap: 7px;
}
.form-field-wide {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}
.form-label {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.07em;
  line-height: 1.35;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.form-input,
.form-select,
.form-textarea {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 8px 0;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0;
  outline: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.form-select { cursor: pointer; }
.form-textarea { min-height: 104px; resize: vertical; }
.form-input:focus,
.form-select:focus,
.form-textarea:focus {
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 0 var(--accent);
}
.form-check {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 28px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 13px;
}
.form-check input {
  width: 15px;
  height: 15px;
  margin: 3px 0 0;
  accent-color: var(--accent);
}
.form-submit {
  margin-top: 28px;
  appearance: none;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 14px;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-color: #c9ced6;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.form-submit:hover,
.form-submit:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration-thickness: 2px;
}
.rate-output {
  margin-top: 38px;
  padding-top: 25px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.rate-output[hidden] { display: none; }
.rate-output h2 { font-size: 20px; }
.rate-output pre {
  margin: 16px 0;
  overflow-x: auto;
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .consent-banner-inner {
    width: min(100vw - 28px, 1060px);
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
  }
  .form-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}